Compared to unprocessed biomass feedstocks (sometimes referred to as "loose" or "raw" biomass), densified fuels -- pellets or briquettes -- have several significant benefits: 
          
          
            - materials transport, handling, and in-feed
 
           
          
          
            - higher energy content and bulk density
 
           
          
          
          
          
            
          Economic considerations: The benefits of densified fuels come at a price...densified fuels are significantly more expensive (in $/ton or $/MM Btu) than unprocessed biomass.  
          
            - an economic analysis should be performed for a specific proposed application to determine if the benefits justify the extra cost (i.e., is a bioenergy system using densified fuel economically feasible?)
 
           
            
          BioEnergy  Systems LLC (BES) has substantial experience with pellet/briquette production systems and utilization technologies. 
          
            - Contact BES for assistance for a design or feasibility assessment of  projects  producing / using densified fuels.
 
           
          
          
          
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          Densified fuels are manufactured in two forms: 
          
            - pellets… Pellets produced for residential pellet-fired heating systems (the primary market for pellets) are 1/4" or 5/16" diameter, up to 1" long, have a bulk density of 40~45 pounds per cubic foot, less than 0.5% fines, less than 300 PPM chlorides, and less than 1% ash (for premium grade -- standard grade fuel is less than 3% ash).
 
           
          
            - briquettes… briquettes are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes from a variety of feedstocks
 
           
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          Densified fuels can be produced from a variety of feedstocks: 
          
        
          - agricultural field residues
 
         
        
        
          - various waste materials (e.g., waste paper)
 
         
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